8. Types of Angina: Stable, Unstable, Prinzmetal/ Variant: CVS Pharmacology

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8. Types of Angina: Stable, Unstable, Prinzmetal/ Variant: CVS Pharmacology
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Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by chest pain due to myocardial ischemia, occurring when oxygen supply to the heart is insufficient to meet its demand ????????. There are three primary types of angina: Stable angina, Unstable angina, and Prinzmetal’s (Variant) angina, each with distinct pathophysiology, triggers, and management ????????.

???? Stable Angina (Exertional Angina): This is the most common type and occurs predictably with physical exertion, emotional stress, or cold exposure, when coronary artery disease (CAD) causes fixed atherosclerotic narrowing ????‍♂️⚡. The pain is typically substernal, squeezing, and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin within 5-10 minutes ⏳????. Management includes lifestyle modifications, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel) to prevent complications and improve exercise tolerance ????‍♂️????.

???? Unstable Angina (Pre-Infarction Angina): This is a medical emergency and a part of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), where chest pain occurs at rest, is more intense, lasts longer (more than 20 min), and is not relieved by nitroglycerin ????????. It is caused by plaque rupture, platelet aggregation, and transient thrombus formation ????⚠️. Patients are at high risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and require urgent hospitalization, oxygen, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT: aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitors), anticoagulants, statins, and possible percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) ????????.

???? Prinzmetal’s Angina (Variant Angina/Vasospastic Angina): Unlike other types, this occurs due to coronary artery spasm rather than atherosclerosis, causing transient ST-segment elevation on ECG ????????. Pain occurs at rest, often at night or early morning, and can be triggered by smoking, stress, or cold exposure ????????. Nitrates and calcium channel blockers (CCBs: diltiazem, verapamil) are the mainstay of treatment, while beta-blockers should be avoided, as they may worsen vasospasm ⚠️????.

Understanding the differences between these types of angina is crucial for effective diagnosis, management, and preventing progression to myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death ????????. Early intervention, risk factor modification, and appropriate pharmacologic therapy are key to improving patient outcomes ????????. #AnginaTypes #StableAngina #UnstableAngina #PrinzmetalsAngina #VariantAngina #CoronaryArteryDisease #CVSPharmacology #MyocardialIschemia #HeartHealth #Cardiology #MedicalScience #USMLE #NEETPG #ECG #Nitroglycerin #BetaBlockers #CalciumChannelBlockers #Antiplatelets #SaveHearts #GlobalHealth #CardiacCare #medicalanimations #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmge2024 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2025 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #usmlestep2videos