2. Anti- Anginal Drugs: Nitrates (Part-2): CVS Pharmacology

???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
???? ???????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
???????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash

2. Anti - Anginal Drugs: Nitrates (Part-2): CVS Pharmacology
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nitrates continue to be a cornerstone in the management of angina pectoris by promoting vasodilation, reducing myocardial oxygen demand, and enhancing coronary blood flow ????????.
Their mechanism of action involves the conversion of nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate into nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels and leading to smooth muscle relaxation in both veins and arteries ????????. This reduces preload (venodilation) and afterload (arterial dilation), ultimately decreasing cardiac workload and oxygen consumption ????????.

Sublingual nitroglycerin is the first-line treatment for acute angina attacks, offering rapid relief within 1-5 minutes, while oral and transdermal formulations provide long-term prevention ⏳????. However, one of the biggest challenges with nitrates is the development of tolerance, which occurs due to continuous exposure, leading to reduced therapeutic effects over time ⚠️????. To prevent this, a nitrate-free interval of 10-12 hours (usually at night) is recommended to allow enzyme systems to recover and maintain drug efficacy ⏳????.

Adverse effects include headache (due to meningeal vasodilation), hypotension, dizziness, reflex tachycardia, and flushing, making proper dose titration crucial to minimize side effects ????????.

Serious drug interactions, especially with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors like sildenafil (Viagra), can cause severe hypotension, leading to cardiovascular collapse and must be avoided ⚠️????. Nitrates play a vital role in ischemic heart disease but should be used with careful monitoring, appropriate dosing, and patient education to maximize benefits while minimizing risks ????????.

#Nitrates #AntiAnginalDrugs #Cardiology #CVSPharmacology #Nitroglycerin #IsosorbideMononitrate #IsosorbideDinitrate #AnginaRelief #HeartHealth #MedicalScience #USMLE #NEETPG #Pharmacology #Vasodilation #MyocardialIschemia #RationalDrugUse #CoronaryArteryDisease #SaveHearts #GlobalHealth #CardiacCare #medicalanimations #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmge2024 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2025 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #usmlestep2videos